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Table 3 shows the selected parameter estimates from the second-stage estimation. As discussed, the adjusted Wald tests of whether the coefficients of the [lambda]''s were zero were the tests for the endogeneity of having a regular doctor or site. The last column of Table 3 reports the result of the joint tests. The endogeneity of having a regular doctor or site was present for flu shots, blood pressure checkups, and cholesterol level checkups. No selection biases were found in the equations of pap smears or mammograms within the past two years.As described before, the effects of having a regular doctor ([I.sub.d]) and having a regular site ([I.sub.s]) conditional on the choice of a usual source of care are [gamma]1 + ([[alpha].sub.d][[lambda].sub.d] - [[alpha].sub.0][[lambda].sub.0]) and [gamma]2 + ([[alpha].sub.s][[lambda].sub.s] - [[alpha].sub.0][[lambda].sub.0]), respectively. These two effects are show in Table 4. Marginal effects of having a regular doctor and a regular site on the probabilities of receiving preventive services were reported. The [lambda]''s were calculated for each individual based on the predicted probabilities from the first-stage estimation. Because the [lambda]''s vary by individuals, the averages of the [lambda]''s were used in calculating the marginal effects.

In the second stage, the dependent variable was whether an individual did or did not receive each of the following services within the past two years: mammograms, pap smears, blood pressure checkups, cholesterol level checkups, and flu shots. The probability of receiving a service within the past two years was the Y in the equation shown in the empirical model section. The explanatory variables were predisposing, enabling, need, and the endogeneity correction factors. A probit model was used in the second stage.Because the MEPS used a complex sampling design, person weight, primary sampling unit, and sample stratification were incorporated in the two-stage estimation to obtain nationally representative estimates and correct standard errors. The standard errors for the use of predicted probabilities were also adjusted by the weighting scheme of the MEPS. Computer software STATA[R] version 7 (Stata Corp: College Station, TX) was used to perform the regressions controlling for the complex sampling design.

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